肾结石治疗 | 肾结石医生

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肾结石

肾结石是一个常见的健康问题，全球约有2-3%的人口受到影响。肾结石的大小不一，从像沙粒一样小到像高尔夫球一样大不等。虽然小的肾结石可以自行排出而不需要医学治疗，但较大的结石可能需要手术治疗，以防止尿液流动受阻。

经医学审阅王毓成医生，医疗总监兼资深泌尿科顾问医生。

新加坡医学专科学院院士(泌尿外科), 国际外科医生学会会员(美国), 皇家内外科医学院院士FRCS(爱丁堡), 医学硕士(外科), 内外全科医学士(新加坡)

什么是肾结石？

肾结石是一种常见泌尿系统疾病，多发生于老年男性中，但近年却有更多女性被诊患有肾结石。疼痛和不适是肾结石的典型症状。幸运的是，通过有效治疗，肾结石可以被治疗。

在我们泌尿专科诊所, 我们擅长诊治各种泌尿系统疾病，包括肾结石。

肾结石有哪些症状？

肾结石的大小不同，体积小的肾结石不会引起任何症状并可通过尿液排出体外。

然而，体积大的肾结石可能会导致输尿管阻塞，影响正常排尿。这情况下，患者可能会出现以下症状：

排尿时有疼痛和不适或灼热感

侧面、腰部、下腹部，或腹股沟疼痛

尿频

尿液呈深色或异常浑浊

尿液有异味

When to SeekUrgent Medical Attention for Kidney Stones

While some kidney stones can pass without treatment, larger stones or those causing an obstruction may lead to complications if left untreated. These can include persistent urinary obstruction, urinary tract infections, kidney damage or, in severe cases, reduced kidney function. Prompt medical assessment helps relieve symptoms and reduces the risk of these complications.

Seek urgent medical attention if you experience any of the following:

Severe pain that does not improve or prevents you from resting

Inability to urinate

Blood in the urine

Nausea and vomiting that prevent you from keeping fluids down

Fever or chills, which may indicate a urinary tract infection requiring urgent treatment

如果您有肾结石的症状，请立即咨询我们的泌尿科专家，获取持久的肾结石缓解治疗。

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肾结石是由什么原因引起？

Kidney stones develop when minerals and salts in the urine become concentrated and crystallise. This can occur due to a combination of dietary habits, dehydration, certain medical conditions, urinary tract abnormalities and inherited disorders. Common contributing factors include:

Dietary Factors

A diet high in oxalate-rich foods (such as spinach, rhubarb, beets, okra, sweet potatoes, peanuts, soybean crackers and chocolate), excessive sodium or animal protein intake may increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones. However, diet alone is not usually the sole cause.

Metabolic Disorders

Conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria and cystinuria can alter the balance of minerals in the urine, increasing the likelihood of stone formation.

Kidney Disorders

Certain kidney conditions, including cystic kidney diseases, may affect normal kidney function and increase the risk of developing kidney stones.

Hereditary Diseases

Inherited conditions such as renal tubular acidosis and cystinuria can change the composition of urine, making kidney stones more likely to develop.

Urinary Tract Infection

Certain bacterial urinary tract infections can promote the formation of struvite stones, which may grow rapidly if left untreated.

Enlarged Prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may obstruct urine flow, increasing urinary stasis and the risk of stone formation.

Neurogenic Bladder (Bladder Emptying Problems)

A neurogenic bladder is a condition in which nerve damage affects the bladder's ability to store or empty urine normally. When urine remains in the bladder for prolonged periods, it can increase the risk of kidney stone formation.

肾结石有哪些不同类型？

草酸钙

这是最为常见的肾结石种类。当钙质与尿液中大量的草酸盐（食物中的一种天然化学物质）结合，便会形成草酸钙结石。这情况主要是因钙质和饮水不足所导致。

尿酸

尿酸是因摄取过量高蛋白质食物（如肉类和贝类）而引起肾结石形成的情况。这类食物会产生一种称为嘌呤的化学物质，从而形成尿酸单钠。患有糖尿病、代谢综合征，或有遗传因素的人群出现尿酸结石的风险往往更高。

磷酸镁胺结石

这是一种由尿道感染（UTI）而引起肾结石形成的疾病。细菌会在尿道迅速滋长并影响尿道。这肾结石类型有时症状并不明显，甚至无症状。

胱氨酸

胱氨酸是肾结石较为少见的一种类型，是由先天性胱氨酸尿所致。这遗传性疾病会导致一种叫胱氨酸的化学物质从尿液中漏出。

Take the first step towards lasting relief by scheduling a consultation with our urologist.

Early diagnosis allows timely treatment, helping to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and guide the most appropriate kidney stone treatment for your condition.

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How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?

在出现肾结石症状时，应当尽早求医。除了检查患者的病史或家族病史，泌尿科专家也会进行检查，包括：

血液检测

这方式能确定肾脏的正常运作，还能检测血液中是否存在高钙质或尿酸水平。

尿液检测

通过这检测，收集24小时尿液样本以检测尿液是否有感染的迹象，或有可引起肾结石发生的血液或矿物质。

影像检查

借由X-光、CT 或MRI扫描来确定肾结石的位置，大小以及数量。影像检查结果有助医生评估病情并建议最合适的肾结石治疗方案，如药物或肾结石手术。

Take the first step towards lasting relief by scheduling a consultation with our urologist.

Early diagnosis allows timely treatment, helping to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and guide the most appropriate kidney stone treatment for your condition.

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What Kidney Stone Treatments Are Available at Our Clinic?

Kidney stones treatment will depend on the type of stone and the severity of the symptoms. If you have detected them early while they are still small, you can simply drink more water, more regularly. This is usually enough to get rid of them naturally.

However, if the stones are already too large to pass naturally, its treatment will then involve breaking them down into smaller pieces or removing them via kidney stone surgery by your kidney specialist.

At our clinic, we offer a range of kidney stone treatments tailored to the size, location and type of stone, as well as the severity of your symptoms.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive procedure that uses targeted shock waves to break down kidney stones into smaller fragments, making them easier to pass through the urinary tract.

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a kidney stones surgery procedure done through a fibre-optic endoscope. The fibre-optic endoscope can pinpoint the location of kidney stones for removal.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a procedure known as stone extraction. PCNL is a kidney stone removal technique for larger stones in the kidney or upper ureter.

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic kidney stone surgery may be recommended when stones cannot be safely or effectively treated using less invasive techniques. Through several small incisions, specialised instruments are used to access and remove the stone while minimising damage to surrounding tissues.

Laser Lithotripsy

Laser Lithotripsy is a procedure done mostly in the lower ureteral stones using a ureteroscope. The ureteroscope breaks the stones into tiny pieces. These will eventually exit the body.

How to Prevent Kidney Stones Formation

While not all kidney stones can be prevented, adopting healthy lifestyle habits may help reduce your risk of developing new stones or experiencing a recurrence. Your urologist may also recommend preventive measures based on the type of kidney stone you have.

To help lower your risk:

Drink enough fluids to produce around 2.5 litres of urine each day.

Reduce your salt intake by limiting processed, canned and high-sodium foods.

Consume an appropriate amount of calcium from food, and only take calcium supplements if recommended by your doctor.

Moderate foods high in oxalate, such as spinach, rhubarb, chocolate and soy products, if you are prone to calcium oxalate stones.

Maintain a healthy weight and avoid crash diets or excessive animal protein intake.

Manage underlying medical conditions and attend regular follow-up appointments if you have had kidney stones before.

Don't LetKidney Stones Affect Your Quality of Life

Kidney stones can range from causing mild discomfort to severe pain and urinary obstruction. Seeking prompt medical attention can help relieve symptoms, reduce the risk of complications and ensure you receive the most appropriate treatment based on the size, location and type of stone.

Here at the International Urology, Fertility, and Gynaecology Centre, we offer comprehensive evaluation and a full range of minimally invasive and surgical treatment options to relieve symptoms, preserve kidney function and reduce the risk of recurrence. Dr Michael YC Wong, our senior consultant urologist, has extensive experience diagnosing and treating kidney stones, providing personalised care tailored to each patient's condition and treatment goals.

Take the first step towards lasting relief by booking a consultation with Dr Michael Wong today.

Frequently Asked Questions About Kidney Stones

How long does kidney stone pain last?

Waves of severe pain (renal colic) tend to last for 20–60 minutes, initially affecting the flank or lower abdomen before moving to the groin area. While the intensity of pain may change over time, it is unlikely to disappear unless properly assessed and treated by a specialist at a kidney stones clinic.

What is the best way to relieve kidney stone pain?

Pain relief depends on the size and location of the kidney stone. Small stones may be managed with pain medication, hydration and medications that help relax the ureter. Larger stones or those causing obstruction may require procedures such as ESWL, laser lithotripsy or other minimally invasive treatments.

Can kidney stones go away without treatment?

Most kidney stones will actually pass on their own without treatment. However, in cases of larger stones, the pain may prove too much to tolerate without seeking prompt medical attention. You may need to consult a kidney stones treatment clinic, especially if the stones do not pass and cause a urinary obstruction. A kidney stones urologist may perform certain procedures to break apart or remove the stones.

How long does it take to recover from kidney stone treatment?

Recovery depends on the type of treatment performed. Many patients recover within a few days after minimally invasive procedures such as ESWL or ureteroscopy, while larger procedures such as PCNL may require a longer recovery period. Your urologist will advise you based on your treatment and overall health.

How painful is the treatment for kidney stones?

Most kidney stone procedures are performed under anaesthesia or sedation to minimise discomfort. It is common to experience mild pain, burning during urination or temporary discomfort afterwards, but these symptoms usually improve over the following days and can often be managed with prescribed medication.

Are there any side effects to kidney stone treatment?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment performed but may include temporary blood in the urine, mild pain, bruising or discomfort during urination. Less commonly, infection, bleeding or ureteral injury may occur. Your urologist will discuss the potential risks and appropriate aftercare before treatment.

Meet Our Kidney Stone Specialist in Singapore

Dr Michael YC Wong

Medical Director & Senior Consultant Urologist

FAMS (Urology), FICS (USA), FRCS (Edinburgh),

M Med (Surgery), MBBS (S'pore)

Dr Michael YC Wong is a senior consultant urologist with extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones. He provides comprehensive care for patients with both simple and complex conditions, tailoring treatment plans according to the size, location and type of kidney stone, as well as each patient's overall health and treatment goals.

Dr Wong is committed to achieving effective treatment while minimising recovery time. He also works closely with patients to reduce the risk of future kidney stone recurrence through appropriate follow-up care and preventive strategies.

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恢复您的泌尿系统健康。

与王毓成医生预约，接受量身定制、支持性和针对性的护理计划。